楼宇自动化与控制
概述
楼宇自动化和控制 (BAC) 系统涉及控制楼宇系统各个方面的硬件和软件的组合，可能包括电力、照明和照明、访问和安全、供暖、通风和空调系统 (HVAC)、环境传感器、电梯和自动扶梯和娱乐。楼宇自动化和控制系统的好处包括有效控制环境条件、单独房间控制、提高员工生产力、有效利用能源、提高设备可靠性和预防性维护。例如，系统可以提供有关建筑设备问题的信息，允许计算机化维护调度，而不是被动地识别和管理问题。建筑管理系统最常用于具有广泛的机械、暖通空调、电气和管道系统的大型项目中。楼宇管理系统 (BMS) 是 BAC 用例的核心。连接到 BMS 的系统通常占建筑物能源使用量的 40%；如果包括照明，这个数字平均接近 70%。因此，BMS 系统是管理能源需求的关键组件。不正确配置的 BMS 系统被认为会导致典型建筑能耗的 20% 或美国总能耗的 8% 左右的浪费。
适用行业
- 能源
适用功能
- 维护
- 产品开发
市场规模
商业观点
BACS系统的核心功能是什么？
- 保持对建筑物环境的控制
- 根据占用率和能源需求运行系统
- 监控和纠正系统的性能
- 根据需要发出声音警报
BACS 可以控制哪些设施？
机械系统、管道、电气系统、供暖、通风和空调 (HVAC)、照明控制、安全和监视、警报和电梯。
技术观点
哪些传感器通常用于向物联网系统提供数据，哪些因素定义了它们的部署？
低功率或能量收集、微型、安全和多功能的传感器可以降低资本支出、降低维护成本和更容易部署。来自传感器的数据通过无数专有和开放协议通过路由器、网关、节点和边缘计算机进行转换和传输。网关转换和桥接协议，并通过中央工作站和移动设备实现对建筑物的内部控制。
哪些因素定义了用于集成的云和边缘平台？
网关还通过蜂窝或以太网连接将建筑物连接到云。云支持远程访问、更高级别的分析以及与电网和微电网的通信。
BACS 的基本组成部分是什么？
传感器：测量温度、湿度、照明水平、房间占用率等值。
控制器：使用应用逻辑和发送命令的算法，从收集的数据中激发系统的响应。
输出设备：执行来自控制器的命令。
通信协议：BACS 组件使用的“语言”。
仪表板：用于数据报告和与 BACS 系统交互的用户界面。
部署挑战
哪些业务挑战会影响部署？
由于组织结构各不相同，找到要安装的最佳系统和传感器是一项巨大的挑战。这是个案情况。另一个挑战是克服可能出现的潜在安全问题和高额初始投资。
案例研究.
Case Study
Connecting the EY Building
- Multiple A/C systems to be monitored through single central monitoring system. - Monitor Status of UPS, generator and switch gear status. Both digital and analog signals. - Monitor building for low voltage conditions and power usage. - Monitor for water leak detections. - Monitor the actual operation of HVAC units to include compressor amperages, refrigerant pressures, fan and filter status. - Implement open protocol Building Automation System for future multi-vendor expansion. - Monitoring and alarming of Space Temperature within a prescribed limits. The Ernst & Young's primary concern was a power loss and high space temperatures in the both the data center and LAN rooms. The UPS or generator would start and all A/C units would cycle on and off with no delay and this would put a drain on the power supply. E&Y sought to implement an integrated system that would not only effectively monitor, but also time out and stage the A/C system restart. They were also looking for a system that allowed for future expansion of the remote alarm monitoring.
Case Study
Automated Headcounts Brings Security for Ferrero
Accounting for more than 1200 personnel, as well as visitors, at any given time is an arduous task, and even harder in the chaotic environment of an emergency. Every second counts when it comes to the safe evacuation of individuals in such events.Ferrero needed a way to confirm that all its employees could be safely accounted when an emergency evacuation was underway. The manual method had gotten out of date -- tracking each individual through manual counting was time-consuming and introduced potential for errors. Even if all personnel appeared at the dedicated mustering points, the employee roster for any given day could not be accurately obtained, especially when visitors were also in the building.Ferrero takes safety for these employees seriously and was recently seeing a solution that leveraged the latest that technology has to offer. The company’s internal audit system requires employee headcounts fast. After all, seconds can be critical when an emergency takes place and people need to be accounted for.
